Russia will not be allowed to compete at the 2016 Paralympic Games after the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) confirmed it had implemented a blanket ban.
Allegations of state-sponsored doping made in an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency have cast serious doubt over Russian competitors, who will now be forced to miss the Games in Rio.
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The stance taken by the IPC differs from that of the International Olympic Committee, which left it to the sports' individual federations to determine which competitors could take part at the Olympic Games.
"The McLaren report marked one of the darkest days in the history of all sport," IPC president Philip Craven said. "The facts really do hurt. They are an unprecedented attack on every clean athlete. The Russian anti-doping system is broken
"I believe the Russian government has catastrophically failed its athletes."