Football is not a monolithic sport. The game has undergone a number of rulebook changes since it was first codified and continues to adapt.
Consider the back-pass rule, which was introduced in 1992, or even the fact that there are now strict measures when it comes to players' equipment. The introduction of VAR in a number of top-level competitions is the latest example of how the game is continually evolving.
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While the fundamental laws of the game remain the same for everyone there are variations on certain rules depending on the competition. There is no extra time in league matches, for example, but there is in some knockout tournaments.
The away goals rule is one of the latest talking points for coaches and there is a possibility that it could be dropped from use by UEFA in its flagship club competition, the Champions League.
With that in mind, Goal takes a look at the rule, its history and whether we have seen the end of it in Europe's premier competition.
What is the away goals rule?
The away goals rule is one of three FIFA-approved methods of deciding the winner of a game in the event of a draw, the others being extra time and penalties.
Normally used in ties which feature home and away legs - the knockout stage of the Champions League, for example - the application of the away goals rule means that any goals scored away from home effectively count double when the scores are level. So, if the aggregate score is level after two legs, the team who scores more away goals is deemed the victor.
General examples:
First Leg: Team A (home) 1-2 Team B (away)
Second Leg: Team B (home) 0-1 Team A (away)
In the above example, Team B progresses thanks to the away goals rule.
The aggregate score of the tie between Team A and Team B is 2-2, but Team B scored twice away from home as opposed to Team A, who only scored once away.
First Leg: Team A (home) 0-2 Team B (away)
Second Leg: Team B (home) 0-2 Team A (away)
In this example the aggregate score is also 2-2, but no team progresses by virtue of the away goals rule and the game must go to either extra time or penalties.
The reason for this is because both teams scored the same number of goals away from home and thus neither enjoys an advantage.
First Leg: Team A (home) 2-3 Team B (away)
Second Leg: Team B (home) 0-1 Team A (away)
This example, Team B wins the tie on away goals.
While the teams are locked at 3-3 on aggregate, the three goals scored by Team B away from home is more than the one scored away by Team A.
When was the away goals rule introduced?
The away goals rule has been used in football for over half a century having first been introduced in the 1965-66 Cup Winners Cup.
The idea behind the introduction of the rule was two-fold: 1) remove the need for a tie-breaker at a neutral venue and 2) to encourage teams to attack away from home.
It was first invoked in the second round of the tournament in a game between Czech side Dukla Prague and Hungary's Budapest Honved, which took place in November 1965.
With the tie finishing 4-4, Budapest Honved progressed because they scored three goals in Czechoslovakia as opposed to Dukla, who managed just two in Hungary.
It was subsequently expanded to the European Cup (now Champions League) in 1967 and has since been implemented in a wide variety of knockout tournaments across the world.
Will the away goals rule be scrapped?
There have been calls for the away goals rule to be scrapped for quite some time, particularly when it comes to the Champions League.
In 2015, Arsene Wenger branded the rule "outdated" after his Arsenal side were knocked out of the Champions League by Monaco.
"It should count, maybe, after extra time," Wenger told reporters. "This rule was created in the 60s to encourage teams to attack away from home, but football has changed since the 1960s and the weight of the away goal is too big today."
That school of thought is something that a number of top-level coaches concur with. Atletico Madrid head coach Diego Simeone, for example, has pointed out that there is a disadvantage to playing the second leg of a knockout tie at home if the game goes into extra time.
The Argentine told a news conference in May 2018: “UEFA needs to have a look at how difficult it is to play a second leg at home, with your opponent having 30 extra minutes in which one of their goals counts double, when as the home side you don’t have this advantage."
UEFA held discussions with coaches regarding the rule in September 2018 and it is being reviewed, with German newspaper Kicker reporting that the European governing body will soon scrap it.
"The coaches think that scoring goals away is not as difficult as it was in the past," UEFA's deputy secretary general Giorgio Marchetti told reporters. "They think the rule should be reviewed and that's what we will do."
It is not likely that UEFA will change its rules mid tournament without prior notice and, if changes are indeed afoot, it seems more probable that they will be brought in from the 2019-20 season onwards.
Other competitions have opted to dispense with the away goals rule in recent times. The English Football League (EFL) removed the away goals rule for the Carabao Cup in 2018-19, with drawn ties going straight to penalties instead. Previously, the away goals rule came into play after extra time in that tournament.
The EFL has form in that regard, having got rid of away goals for their divisional play-off games in 1999.
